To conclude:

Will the Brazilian coffee trade continue to do harm during the Anthropocene?

Yes, without intervention.
 

Brazil’s coffee trade has historically harmed both the country and the world, contributing to environmental destruction, labour exploitation, and ethical concerns despite ongoing reform efforts.
 
From its roots in Brazil’s early independence and history of slave labour, the industry has evolved, but weak enforcement of the Brazilian Forest Code and other environmental policies has allowed deforestation, forced labour, and harmful chemical use to persist. Without full implementation of the Forest Code, Brazil cannot achieve truly sustainable coffee production, as conflicting political agendas continue to undermine environmental protections and enable unsustainable agricultural expansion.
 
Beyond its economic impact, coffee holds deep cultural significance in Brazil and worldwide, shaping social traditions and consumer habits. While moderate coffee consumption has been linked to health benefits such as improved cognitive function and disease prevention, excessive intake can potentially lead to issues like heart strain, sleep disruption, and many more.
 
Additionally, family farming plays a crucial role in Brazil’s coffee production, with small-scale farmers contributing significantly despite struggling with fluctuating market prices and economic insecurity.
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Finally, while sustainability initiatives have been introduced, their success depends on policies like the rigorous enforcement of the Brazilian Forest Code. Without strict oversight and compliance, Brazil’s ability to produce coffee in a way that respects human rights and protects the environment remains in question. Ensuring full implementation of the Forest Code is essential for the long-term sustainability of Brazil’s coffee sector, its forests, and its global environmental responsibility.