Endnotes
Chapter 1: History and Culture
[1] OEC - The Observatory of Economic Complexity. “Coffee in Brazil | OEC,” n.d. https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/coffee/reporter/bra.
[2] Dean, Warren. Brazil and the Struggle for Rubber. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
[3] Reichmann, Felix. Sugar, Gold, and Coffee : Essays on the History of Brazil Based on Francis Hull’s Books. New York (State): Cornell University Library, 1959.
[4] Delden, Van. Brazil and Java, 1885. (2009)
[5] Sanchez da Costa Faria, Anna Beatriz. "Coffee Culture: Three Essays on the Political Economy and Development of Brazil in the Early Twentieth Century." Order No. 10267463, George Mason University, 2017. https://proxy.queensu.ca/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/coffee-culture-three-essays-on-political-economy/docview/1984406809/se-2.
[6] Moya, Jose. "Immigration and the Historical Formation of Brazil." Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History. 28 Sep. 2020; https://oxfordre.com/latinamericanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199366439.001.0001/acrefore-9780199366439-e-894.
[7] Reichman, Daniel R. “Big Coffee in Brazil: Historical Origins and Implications for Anthropological Political Economy.” The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology 23, no. 2 (January 4, 2018): 241–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/jlca.12293.
[8] National Coffee Association. “History of Coffee.” NCA - About Coffee, December 5, 2024. https://www.aboutcoffee.org/origins/history-of-coffee/.
[9]Kucukkomur, Saime, and Leyla Ozgen. 2009. “Coffee and Turkish Coffee Culture.” Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 8 (10): 1693–1700. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2009.1693.1700.
[10] Topik, Steven. “Where Is the Coffee? Coffee and Brazilian Identity.” Luso-Brazilian Review v36, no. 2 (December 1999): 87. https://search-ebscohost-com.proxy.queensu.ca/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=3726735&site=ehost-live.
[11] Parrish, S. 2021. “'Life Is Made of Courage and Coffee' an Ethnography of Specialty Coffee in São Paulo, Brazil.” PhD thesis, University of Oxford.
[12] Stewart, Jon. 2012. “Oh Blessed Holy Caffeine Tree: Coffee in Popular Music.” M/c Journal 15 (2). https://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.462.
Chapter 2: Legal & Political
[1] Brock, R. C., et al. 2021. “Implementing Brazil’s Forest Code: A Vital Contribution to Securing Forests and Conserving Biodiversity.” Biodiversity and Conservation 30 (6): 1621–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02159-x.
[2] Daniel, James M. 1946. “The Brazilian Revolution of 1930, Causes and Aftermath.” Historian 9 (1): 37–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.1946.tb01103.x.
[3] De Andrade Filho, Luiz. 2008. “The Dynamics of Drug‐Related Organised Crime and Corruption in Brazil from a Development Perspective.” Journal of Financial Crime 15 (1): 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590790810841699.
[4] Font, Mauricio A. 1987. “Coffee Planters, Politics, and Development in Brazil.” Latin American Research Review 22 (3): 69–90. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2503402.
[5] Kruger, Diana I. 2007. “Coffee Production Effects on Child Labor and Schooling in Rural Brazil.” Journal of Development Economics 82 (2): 448–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.04.003.
[6] Plácido, France Júnior. 2023. “Starbucks: Slave and Child Labour Found at Certified Coffee Farms in Minas Gerais.” Repórter Brasil, November 14, 2023. https://reporterbrasil.org.br/2023/11/starbucks-slave-and-child-labour-found-at-certified-coffee-farms-in-minas-gerais/.
[7] Rainforest Alliance. “Going Climate Smart with Costa Coffee.” Rainforest Alliance, September 9, 2024. https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/resource-item/going-climate-smart-with-costa-coffee/.
[8] Smith, Benedict. 2022. “How Can Illicit Goods End up in Coffee Containers?” May 13, 2022. https://intelligence.coffee/2022/05/illicit-goods-coffee-containers/.
[9] Søndergaard, Niels, et al. 2023. “Introduction: The Sustainability Challenges of Brazilian Agriculture.” In Environment & Policy, 1–16. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29853-0_1.
[10] Trischler, Helmuth. 2016. “The Anthropocene.” Naturwissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 24, no. 3 : 309–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00048-016-0146-3.
[11] UCL. 2019. “‘Great Dying’ in Americas Disturbed Earth’s Climate.” UCL News, February 2019. www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2019/feb/great-dying-americas-disturbed-earths-climate.
[12] Vieira, S., et al. 2017. “Compliance to Brazil’s Forest Code Will Not Protect Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.” Diversity and Distributions 24 (4): 434–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12700.
[13] Walker, Timothy. 2007. “Slave Labor and Chocolate in Brazil: The Culture of Cacao Plantations in Amazonia and Bahia (17th–19th Centuries).” Food and Foodways 15 (1–2): 75–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/07409710701260214.
Chapter 3: Ecology
[1] Zambolim, Laércio. “Current Status and Management of Coffee Leaf Rust in Brazil.” Tropical Plant Pathology 41, no. 1 (2016): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-016-0065-9 - page# 1.
[2] Zambolim, Laércio. “Current Status and Management of Coffee Leaf Rust in Brazil.” Tropical Plant Pathology 41, no. 1 (2016): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-016-0065-9 - page# 5.
[3] Louise Meylan, Christian Gary, Clémentine Allinne, Jorge Ortiz, Louise Jackson, Bruno Rapidel, Evaluating the effect of shade trees on provision of ecosystem services in intensively managed coffee plantations, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Volume 245, 2017, page# 1. ISSN 0167-8809, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.05.005
[4] Sera, Gustavo Hiroshi, Carlos Henrique Siqueira de Carvalho, Juliana Costa de Rezende Abrahão, Edson Ampélio Pozza, José Braz Matiello, Saulo Roque de Almeida, Lucas Bartelega, and Deila Magna Dos Santos Botelho. “Coffee Leaf Rust in Brazil: Historical Events, Current Situation, and Control Measures.” Agronomy (Basel) 12, no. 2 (2022): page#1-3. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020496.
[5] Sera, Gustavo Hiroshi, Carlos Henrique Siqueira de Carvalho, Juliana Costa de Rezende Abrahão, Edson Ampélio Pozza, José Braz Matiello, Saulo Roque de Almeida, Lucas Bartelega, and Deila Magna Dos Santos Botelho. “Coffee Leaf Rust in Brazil: Historical Events, Current Situation, and Control Measures.” Agronomy (Basel) 12, no. 2 (2022): pages#1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020496
[6] Perfecto, Ivette, M. Estelí Jiménez-Soto, and John Vandermeer. “Coffee Landscapes Shaping the Anthropocene: Forced Simplification on a Complex Agroecological Landscape.” Current Anthropology 60, no. S20 (2019): Pages#S236-S238 https://doi.org/10.1086/703413.
[7] Libert Amico, Antoine, Claudia Ituarte-Lima, and Thomas Elmqvist. “Learning from Social–Ecological Crisis for Legal Resilience Building: Multi-Scale Dynamics in the Coffee Rust Epidemic.” Sustainability Science 15, no. 2 (2020): 486–497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00703-x
[8] Dias, Cássia Gabriele, Fabrina Bolzan Martins, and Minella Alves Martins. “Climate Risks and Vulnerabilities of the Arabica Coffee in Brazil under Current and Future Climates Considering New CMIP6 Models.” The Science of the Total Environment 907 (2024): 167753–167753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167753
Chapter 4: Public Health
[1] International Coffee Organization. December 2023 Coffee Report and Outlook. London: International Coffee Organization, 2023. https://icocoffee.org/documents/cy2023-24/Coffee_Report_and_Outlook_December_2023_ICO.pdf.
[2] Machado, Fernanda, Manuel A. Coimbra, Maria D. Castillo, and Filipe Coreta-Gomes. "Mechanisms of action of coffee bioactive compounds – a key to unveil the coffee paradox." Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 64, no. 28 (November 2023), 10164-10186. doi:10.1080/10408398.2023.2221734.
[3] Van Dam, Rob M., Frank B. Hu, and Walter C. Willett. "Coffee, Caffeine, and Health." New England Journal of Medicine 383, no. 4 (July 2020), 369-378. doi:10.1056/nejmra1816604.
[4] Giovanini de Oliveira Sartori, Alan, and Marina Vieira da Silva. "Caffeine in Brazil: intake, socioeconomic and demographic determinants, and major dietary sources." Nutrire 41, no. 1 (December 2016). doi:10.1186/s41110-016-0014-x.
[5] Sousa, Alessandra G., Liliane M. Machado, Eduardo F. Silva, and Teresa H. Costa. "Personal characteristics of coffee consumers and non-consumers, reasons and preferences for foods eaten with coffee among adults from the Federal District, Brazil." Food Science and Technology 36, no. 3 (June 2016), 432-438. doi:10.1590/1678-457x.10015.
[6] Fischer, Edward F., Bart Victor, Daniel Robinson, Adriana Farah, and Peter R. Martin. "CHAPTER 1: Coffee Consumption and Health Impacts: A Brief History of Changing Conceptions." In Coffee: Consumption and Health Implications, edited by Adriana Farah, 1-19. London : Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. https://books.rsc.org/books/edited-volume/814/chapter/557358/Coffee-Consumption-and-Health-Impacts-A-Brief.
[7] Aufferman, Kyra. "From Brew Boomers to the Gourmet Generation: National Coffee Drinking Trends 2017." National Coffee Association Blog. Last modified April 3, 2017. https://nationalcoffee.blog/2017/03/28/from-basic-boomers-to-specialty-snowflakes-national-coffee-drinking-trends-2017/.
[8] Samoggia, Antonella, and Bettina Riedel. "Consumers’ Perceptions of Coffee Health Benefits and Motives for Coffee Consumption and Purchasing." Nutrients 11, no. 3 (March 2019), 653. doi:10.3390/nu11030653.
[9] Franco de Alcântara, Paulo Augusto, and Igor Mayworm Perrut. 2024. “Brazil’s Multiple Coffee Markets: An Ethnographic Study of Coffee Production from Family Growers to Coffee Gourmets.” Consumption Markets & Culture, March, 1–13. doi:10.1080/10253866.2024.2332182.
[10] Charles, Sarah. "How coffee has rebranded itself as healthy." Coffee Intelligence. Last modified August 7, 2024. https://intelligence.coffee/2024/08/health-is-the-new-coffee-option/.
[11]* Fagerstrom, Karl. "A Comparison of Dependence across Different Types of Nicotine Containing Products and Coffee." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (July 2018), 1609. doi:10.3390/ijerph15081609.
*This source does not appear in the text proper. It is solely referenced, and is also sourced, in the embedded infographic.
Chapter 5: Economics
[1] Adams, F. Gerard, Jere R. Behrman, and Romualdo A. Roldan. "Measuring the impact of primary commodity fluctuations on economic development: Coffee and Brazil." The American Economic Review 69, no. 2 (1979): 164-168.
[2] De Almeida, Luciana, and Decio Zylbersztajn. "Key success factors in the Brazilian coffee agrichain: Present and future challenges." International Journal on Food System Dynamics 8, no. 1 (2017): 45-53.
[3] Freitas, Lílian Carla Ferreira, and Maria Luiza Grillo Renó. "Environmental and economic evaluation of coffee residues." Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental 27 (2022): 715-721.
[4] Peláez, Carlos Manuel. "The Theory and Reality of Imperialism in the Coffee Economy of Nineteenth‐Century Brazil 1." The Economic History Review 29, no. 2 (1976): 276-290.
[5] De Souza, Helton Nonato, Jan de Graaff, and Mirjam M. Pulleman. "Strategies and economics of farming systems with coffee in the Atlantic Rainforest Biome." Agroforestry systems 84 (2012): 227-242.
Chapter 6: Looking to the Future
[7] Rainforest Alliance. “Going Climate Smart with Costa Coffee.” Rainforest Alliance, September 9, 2024. https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/resource-item/going-climate-smart-with-costa-coffee/.
[10] Trischler, Helmuth. 2016. “The Anthropocene.” Naturwissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 24, no. 3 : 309–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00048-016-0146-3.